Comparative study of IOL Master 700 and A-ultrasound combined with corneal topography measurement of refractive error after phacoemulsification / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To evaluate the accuracy of A-ultrasound combined with corneal topography measurement in clinical application by analyzing the ocular-related biometric parameters and refractive error and comparing with those of IOL Master 700 in cataract patients. METHODS: A prospective study. Clinical data were collected from 113 patients(122 eyes)who underwent phacoemulsification in the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from July 2020 to July 2021. The axial length(AL), anterior chamber depth(ACD), lens thickness(LT)and corneal curvature(Km)were measured respectively by IOL Master 700 and A-ultrasound combined with corneal topography measurement and the 3mo after the surgery of the refractive error was analyzed.RESULTS: There were differences in AL(24.09±1.65, 23.81±1.62mm), ACD(3.11±0.42, 2.97±0.43mm)and Km(44.12±1.59, 44.06±1.54D)measured by IOL Master 700 and A-ultrasound combined with corneal topography(P<0.05), while there was no difference in LT(4.34±0.46, 4.30±0.59mm)(P>0.05). The postoperative mean absolute refractive error(MAE)of intraocular lens(IOL)diopter calculation formulas with different measurement methods was significantly different(P<0.001). The Barrett Universal II formula MAE of the IOL Master 700 measuring instrument was different from the Holladay I, Haigis and SRK/T formulas(P<0.01), at the same time, compared with the A-ultrasound combined with corneal topography calculation formula SRK/T and Barrett Universal II formula, they were also different(P<0.01). However, there was no difference among the Holladay Ⅰ, Haigis, SRK/T formula MAE which come from the IOL Master 700 measuring instrument and the A-ultrasound combined with corneal topography calculation formula SRK/T formula(P>0.05). In addition, the Barrett Universal II formula of the IOL Master 700 measuring instrument has the smallest median absolute refractive error(MedAE)(0.260D), and the A-ultrasound combined with corneal topography calculation formula Barrett Universal II formula MedAE is the largest(0.765D).CONCLUSION: The values of AL, ACD and Km measured by A-ultrasound combined with corneal topography were smaller than those of IOL Master 700. When the SRK/T formula was used to calculate the IOL diopter, the results of the two group were similar. However, when using the Barrett Universal Ⅱ formula, the refractive error of the A-ultrasound combined with corneal topography group was large, resulting in hyperopia drift.

Changes of biological parameters and the accuracy of IOL power calculation formulas after phacoemulsification / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To measure the changes of ocular biological parameters before and after phacoemulsification, and compared the choice of intraocular lens(IOL)power calculation formulas based on the new optical biometric instrument IOL Master 700.METHODS: A prospective study. Clinical data were collected from 52 patients(57 eyes)with cataract at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January to June 2021. The axial length(AL), anterior chamber depth(ACD)and corneal curvature(Km)were measured and analyzed before and 3mo after phacoemulsification by IOL Master 700. The target refractive value reserved in the calculation of different IOL formulas and the actual refractive value of the automatic refractor 3mo after phacoemulsification were compared and statistically analyzed.RESULTS: The average values of AL measured before and after phacoemulsification were 24.20±1.86, 24.09±1.86mm, the postoperative AL shortened by 0.11mm, and the ACD values were 3.08±0.44, 4.55±0.36mm(P&#x003C;0.001), ACD deepened by 1.49mm after phacoemulsification. The Km values were 44.14±1.86, 44.14±1.82D(P&#x003E;0.05). The refractive error of the results measured by the Barrett Universal Ⅱ formula was the smallest before operation, followed by Holladay Ⅱ and the SRK/T formula, the Holladay Ⅰ formula had the largest error and the difference was statistically significant(P&#x003C;0.05). CONCLUSION: The AL was shortened and the ACD was deepened after phacoemulsification. A correction factor of 0.1mm is suggested to add when calculating the degree. The Barrett Universal Ⅱ formula has the best predictability in the IOL power calculation formulas, follow by Holladay Ⅱ and SRK/T formula.

Efficacy of Getong Tongluo Capsule () for Convalescent-Phase of Ischemic Stroke and Primary Hypertension: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate whether the efficacy of Getong Tongluo Capsule (, GTC, consisted of total flavone of Radix Puerariae) on improving patients' quality of life and lowering blood pressure are superior to the extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGB) for patients with convalescent-phase ischemic stroke and primary hypertension.@*METHODS@#This randomized, positive-drug- and placebo-controlled, double-blind trial was conducted from September 2015 to October 2017. Totally 477 eligible patients from 18 hospitals in China were randomly assigned in a 2:1:1 ratio to the following interventions, twice a day for 12 weeks: (1) GTC 250 mg plus EGB-matching placebo 40 mg (237 cases, GTC group), (2) EGB 40 mg plus GTC-matching placebo 250 mg (120 cases, EGB group) or (3) GTC-matching placebo 250 mg plus EGB-matching placebo 40 mg (120 cases, placebo group). Moreover, all patients were orally administered aspirin enteric-coated tablets 100 mg, once a day for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was the Barthel Index (BI). The secondary outcomes included the control rate of blood pressure and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores. The incidence and severity of adverse events (AEs) were calculated and assessed.@*RESULTS@#The BI relative independence rates, the clinical recovery rates of NIHSS, and the total effective rates of NIHSS in the GTC and EGB groups were significantly higher than the placebo group at 12 weeks after treatment (P0.05). The control rate of blood pressure in the GTC group was significantly higher than the EGB and placebo groups at 12, 18 and 24 weeks after treatment (P0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#GTC exhibited significant efficacy in improving patients' quality of life as well as neurological function and controlling hypertension. (Registration No. ChiCTR1800016667).

Analysis of outcomes of randomized controlled trial on compound Chinese herbal medicine formulas in treatment of vascular cognitive impairment caused by cerebral small vessel / 中国中药杂志

The purpose of the study is to analyze the outcomes of randomized controlled trial(RCT) of Chinese herbal medicine formula(CHMF) in the treatment of vascular cognitive impairment caused by cerebral small vessel disease(CSVD-VCI), and provide suggestions for future studies in this field. Three English databases, four Chinese databases, and two online registration websites of clinical trials were searched with use of the search strategy established in advance. Relevant RCTs published in recent ten years were screened, and necessary information was extracted to assess the risk of bias and analyze the outcomes of these RCTs. As a result, a total of 10 461 articles were retrieved, of which 8 681 were kept after de-duplication, and 41 RCTs were included after screening, with a generally higher risk of bias. The outcomes of included RCTs were classified into 9 categories, namely, clinical symptom outcomes, neuroimaging outcomes, neuroelectrophysiological outcomes, blood biochemical outcomes, hemorheology outcomes, physical signs, syndrome scores of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), clinical effective rate, and safety outcomes. Among them, the most frequently reported outcomes of included RCTs were blood biochemical outcomes, and clinical symptom outcomes showed the highest reporting rate. Besides, 9 RCTs reported syndrome scores of TCM as the outcomes and illustrated corresponding evaluation criteria. The analysis showed that the application of RCT outcomes in this field had clinical rationality and limitations, and there were also some deficiencies in the trial design level, namely, no distinction between primary and secondary outcomes, insufficient blind methods, not detailed description of outcomes, disunity of evaluation tools, and despised endpoint outcomes. These limitations and deficiencies were negatively affecting the quality of RCTs of CHMF in the treatment of CSVD-VCI. Therefore, we suggest that future researchers should be well prepared in the top-level design stage, and actively construct the core outcome set of this field, so as to improve the quality of clinical trials.

Identification and classification of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome types among senior patients with vascular mild cognitive impairment using latent tree analysis / 中西医结合学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To treat patients with vascular mild cognitive impairment (VMCI) using traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), it is necessary to classify the patients into TCM syndrome types and to apply different treatments to different types. In this paper, we investigate how to properly carry out the classification for patients with VMCI aged 50 or above using a novel data-driven method known as latent tree analysis (LTA).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>A cross-sectional survey on VMCI was carried out in several regions in Northern China between February 2008 and February 2012 which resulted in a data set that involves 803 patients and 93 symptoms. LTA was performed on the data to reveal symptom co-occurrence patterns, and the patients were partitioned into clusters in multiple ways based on the patterns. The patient clusters were matched up with syndrome types, and population statistics of the clusters are used to quantify the syndrome types and to establish classification rules.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Eight syndrome types are identified: Qi deficiency, Qi stagnation, Blood deficiency, Blood stasis, Phlegm-dampness, Fire-heat, Yang deficiency, and Yin deficiency. The prevalence and symptom occurrence characteristics of each syndrome type are determined. Quantitative classification rules are established for determining whether a patient belongs to each of the syndrome types.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A solution for the TCM syndrome classification problem for patients with VMCI and aged 50 or above is established based on the LTA of unlabeled symptom survey data. The results can be used as a reference in clinic practice to improve the quality of syndrome differentiation and to reduce diagnosis variances across physicians. They can also be used for patient selection in research projects aimed at finding biomarkers for the syndrome types and in randomized control trials aimed at determining the efficacy of TCM treatments of VMCI.</p>

The effects of nitric oxide synthase and its antagonist on alkali burn-induced corneal neovascularization / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background Though nitric oxide (NO) and NO synthase (NOS) have a critical role in angiogenesis,their effects on corneal neovascularization (CNV) and mechanism need to be further explored.Objective The aim of this study was to explore the effects of NOS and its antagonist,Nw-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) on experimental CNV in mice,and investigate the influence of NOS and L-NAME on the tube formation of human retinal endothelial cells (RECs) in vitro.Methods The CNV models were established in the left eyes of 36 male BALB/c mice aged 7-8 weeks by application of the filter paper with NaOH in the center of corneas.The mice were randomized into two groups.L-NAME of 10 g/L (0.5 ml) was intraperitoneally injected 1 week before induction of CNV three times a week for three weeks in the mice of the L-NAME injection,and PBS was used in the same way in the control group.CNV was examined under the slit lamp biomicroscope 2,4,7,14 days after NaOH burn.The expression of CD31 in the CNV was assayed to calculate the ratio of CNV area and total corneal area using whole mount technique.The expression of NOS mRNA in the corneal tissue was detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR),and VEGF expression in the human RECs was assayed by Western blot.The vessel formation number of cultured human RECs with or without L-NAME was performed by matrigel in vitro.Grouped t test was used to compare the differences of the parameters between the two groups.Results CNV developed and peaked 2 weeks after the application of NaOH on the mice corneas,and the CNV was obviously less in the L-NAME group compared with the control group.The expression of NOS mRNA in the corneas (NOS mRNA/ GAPDH mRNA)was significantly lower in the L-NAME group than that of the control group 2,4,7 days after CNV induction (t =19.481,t=22.059,t=10.961,all at P＜0.01).The ratio of the CD31 positive area in whole corneal area was 0.59± 0.01 in the L-NAME group,and that of the control group was 0.78±0.10,showing a significant difference between the two groups (t =3.078,P＜0.05).Western blot assay showed that the relative expression of VEGF protein in human RECs was declined in the L-NAME group compared with the control group 0,2,4,7 days,with statistically significant differences in 4 days and 7 days after NaOH burn(t=7.696,t=17.953,both at P＜0.01).The number of vessel network was 46.33±1.86 in the L-NAME group and 64.00±4.51 in the control group,with a significant difference between them (t =3.623,P＜0.05).Conclusions NOS participated in the pathogenesis and aggravation of CNV induced by NaOH.L-NAME arrests CNV formation and human RECs tube formation through down regulating the VEGF expression and NOS activity.

CYP2D6 genotypes and phenotypes in Chinese Han, Uygur and Kazakh populations / 药学学报

This study is to compare the influence of CYP2D6 *3 and *4 genotypes and phenotypes on the metabolic activity of CYP2D6 in Chinese Han, Uygur and Kazakh ethnic groups. Allele specific amplification (ASA) was used to determine the CYP2D6*3 and CYP2D6*4 genotypes. Phenotypes of CYP2D6 in all subjects were determined using dextromethorphan as probe drug by HPLC methods. Among the 132 Han subjects, one subject (0.76%) exhibited the *1/*3 combination, and one (0.76%) exhibited the *1/*4. Among the 136 Uygur subjects, 4 subjects (2.94%) showed the *1/*3 combination, 12 (8.82%) showed *1/*4, 4 (2.94%) showed *4/*4, and one (0.74%) showed *3/*4. Among the 116 Kazakh subjects, 2 (1.72%) exhibited the *1/*3 combination, 7 (6.03%) exhibited *1/1*4, and one (0.86%) showed *4/*4. This research revealed significant differences in the occurrence frequencies of the CYP2D6 genotype between Han and Uygur ethnic groups, as well as between Uygur and Kazakh populations. However, no difference was found between Han and Kazakh populations. In addition, the prevalence of PMs of the Uygur is comparable to that of the Caucasians. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the poor metabolism is different in these two populations.

The effect of angiotensin II on phosphoinositide-3 kinase/Akt cascade in cultured fibroblasts derived from patients with hypertrophic scars / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of angiotensin II on phosphoinositide-3 kinase/Akt cascade in cultured fibroblasts derived from patients with hypertrophic scars.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression of AT1 and AT2 receptor was detected by immunofluorescence staining. Cultured human skin fibroblasts were treated with Ang II (10(-9) - 10(-7) mol/L), with or without an AT1 receptor blocker, valsartan or an AT2 receptor antagonist, PD123319. The phosphorylation of Akt was detected by western blotting, and PI3K activity was measured by Assay of PI3-K activity.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Immunofluorescence staining showed that cultured fibroblasts derived from hypertrophic scars expressed both AT1 and AT2 receptors. Ang II increased Akt phosphorylation and PI3K activity in cultured hypertrophic scar fibroblasts in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Additionally, Ang II-induced Akt phosphorylation was blocked by wortmannin, a PI3-K inhibitor. This Ang II-activated PI3-K/Akt cascade was significantly inhibited by valsartan, an AT1 receptor specific blocker (P<0.05), whereas enhanced by PD123319, an AT2 receptor antagonist (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These results indicate that Ang II receptors regulates PI3-K/Akt cascade of hypertrophic scars fibroblasts via AT1 and AT2.</p>

Effect of acupuncture on the speech and acoustics level in patients with dysarthria / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of acupuncture combined with speech therapy for dysarthria after stroke or cerebral trauma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-one cases were randomly divided into two groups. The observation group (30 cases) was treated with speech therapy and acupuncture at Lianquan (CV 23), Jinjin (EX-HN 12), Yuye (EX-HN 13), Fengchi (GB 20), Yifeng (TE 17) and Wangu (GB 12) as major acupoints, while the control group (31 cases) was treated with speech therapy only. The changes of speech and acoustics indices were evaluated after 9 weeks treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The word articulation and correct rate of text of patients in two groups were both obviously improved after treatment (both P < 0.01). The total effective rate of 96.7% (29/30) in observation group was superior to that of 67.7% (21/31) in control group (P < 0.01). The maximum phonation time (MPT) of patients tested by aeromechanics analyzer were obviously prolonged in observation group (12 cases) and control group (11 cases) (both P < 0.01), and the improvement in observation group was more obvious (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Acupuncture combined with speech therapy can improve the effect on language and acoustics level for dysarthria.</p>

Correlation of multislice spiral CT findings with vascular endothelial growth factor expressions and microvessel density in renal cell carcinoma / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the correlation of multislice spiral CT features and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expressions and microvessel density (MVD) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fourth-seven patients with pathologically confirmed RCC were examined by multislice spiral CT, and VEGF expressions and MVD of the RCC and the adjacent normal tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry with specific monoclonal antibodies.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>VEGF expression and MVD in the RCC and adjacent normal tissues increased with the pathological grades of RCC (P<0.05), VEGF expression was found to significantly correlate with MVD (r=0.67, P<0.01). The positive expression of VEGF and MVD were associated with the findings by multislice spiral CT scan of tumor size, intratumor necrosis, cystic degeneration, intensity signal, lymph node metastases, invasion of the renal vein or inferior vena cava, and invasion of the adjacent organs or distant metastases (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Multislice spiral CT findings can be indicative of the histopathology of RCC, and some CT findings are closely correlated with MVD and VEGF expressions in RCC, which may help evaluate the biological behavior and malignancy of the tumor and predict tumor invasion and metastasis.</p>

Effects of Sodium Ozagrel on Nail Microcirculation and Hemorrheology in Patients with Myocardial Infarction / 中国康复理论与实践

@# ObjectiveTo observe the effects of sodium ozagrel on nail microcirculation and hemorrheology in patients with myocardial infarction (MI).Methods128 MI cases were randomly divided into the treatment group (group A, n=68) and control group (group B, n=60). On the base routine treatment, patients of group A were treated with sodium ozagrel (80～160 mg/d) and those of group B were treated with glucose-insulin-potassium solution (250～500 ml/d). The changes of nail microcirculation and hemorrheology were measured in pre-treatment and post-treatment.ResultsThe nail microcirculation and hemorrheology in group A were significantly better than group B (P<0.01).ConclusionSodium ozagrel can markedly improve nail microcirculation and hemorrheology in patients with MI.

Effect of Breviscapine on Rabbit's Cardiac Muscles after Ischemic Preconditioning / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo explore the effect of the Breviscapine (Bre) on rabbit's cardiac muscles after ischemic preconditioning (IP).MethodsThe myocardial ischemic reperfusion model was made with 32 New Zealand white rabbits by silk thread passed around the left circumflex coronary artery and the apex. Model animals were randomly divided into four groups: myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) group, Bre+I/R group, IP group and Bre+IP group. The changes of the endothelin (ET), nitrous oxide (NO) and the enzymes of the cardiac muscle were measured, and the areas of myocardium infarction were analyzed.ResultsBre and IP could decrease the content of ET, the enzymes of the cardiac muscle and myocardial infarction area; increase the content of the NO. Bre+IP could strengthen the role of protecting the ischemic myocardial cells.ConclusionThe Bre can protect the ischemic cardiac muscle. The Bre+IP can strengthen the protective effect of the IP.

Effects of ganglioside GM1 on reduction of brain edema and amelioration of cerebral metabolism after traumatic brain injury / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of ganglioside GM1 on reduction of brain edema and amelioration of cerebral metabolism after traumatic brain injury (TBI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>An acute experimental closed TBI model in rats was induced by a fluid-percussion brain injury model. At five and sixty minutes after TBI, the animals were intraperitoneally injected by ganglioside GM1 (30 mg/kg) or the same volume of saline. At the 6th hour after TBI, effects of ganglioside GM1 or saline on changes of mean arterial pressure (MAP), contents of water, lactic acid (LA) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the injured cerebral tissues were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After TBI, MAP decreased and contents of water, LA and LPO increased in brain injury group; however, MAP was back to normal levels and contents of water, LA and LPO decreased in ganglioside GM1 treated group, compared with those in brain injury group (P < 0.05). No significant difference between the saline treated group and the brain injury group (P > 0.05) was observed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Ganglioside GM1 does have obvious neuroprotective effect on early TBI.</p>

Standard large trauma craniotomy for severe traumatic brain injury / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of standard large trauma craniotomy (SLTC) on outcomes of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) (GCS<=8).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>230 patients with severe TBI were randomly divided into two groups. 115 patients underwent SLTC (10 cm x 12 cm) as an SLTC group, and other 115 patients underwent temporo-parietal or fronto-temporal craniotomy (6 cm x 8 cm) according to the position of hematomas as a routine craniotomy (RC) group. Other treatments were identical in two groups. According to Glasgow outcome scale (GOS), the prognosis of the patients was evaluated and the complications were compared between two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>27 patients got good outcome and moderate disability (23.5%), 40 severe disability and vegetative survival (34.8%), and 48 died (41.7%) in SLTC group. 21 patients got good outcome and moderate disability (18.3%), 28 severe disability and vegetative survival (24.3%), and 66 died (57.4%) in RC group. The incidence of incision hernia was lower in SLTC group than in RC group. However, the incidence of operative encephalocele, traumatic epilepsy and intracranial infection were not different in two groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Standard large trauma craniotomy significantly reduces the mortality of patients with severe TBI without serious complications, but does not improve the life quality of the patients.</p>

Effect of complex prescription of Chinese medicine on ischemic brain of rat / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo study the protection of Chinese herbs on the ischemic brain of rats. Methods 75 Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups, Group 1 for false operation. For the other four groups, the common carotid artery was exposed then was ligatured and cut off, Group 2 for model. From the 20th hour after operation on,Group 3, 4, 5 were fed with complex prescription of Chinese medicine named Prescription 1, 2 and 3 once a day respectively. 3 hours after taking medicine, Groups 2-5 were put in the hypoxia environment for 1 hours, then taking the medicine for 7 days. On the 7th day after operation,the blood was taken from R. atria then the rats were killed and the whole right brains were cut off. Malonaldehyde (MDA), notric oxide synthetase (NOS) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the brain tissue and serum, and calcium in the brain were measured respectively. ResultsThe three prescriptions can decrease the quantity of MDA both in brain tissue and serum and the calcium in brain tissue(P<0.05-0.001).Prescription 1 can enhance the activity of SOD in brain tissue while the others can decrease the activity of NOS. The hippocampus cells show tidy, and the number of the necrotic cells decrease greatly among them, Groups 4 and 5 are better than Group 3.Conclusions Prescriptions 1-3 can protect the brain tissue of the rat form ischemic brain injury.